Physical Education
Research In Action

--> Andrews, R., Charlesworth, A., Evans, A., & Cowley, A. (1997). A double blind, cross-over comparison of the effects of a loop diuretic and a dopamine receptor agonist as first line therapy in patients with mild congestive heart failure. European Heart Journal, 18 (5), 852-857.

--> Aono, Y., Oichi, A., & Tadokoro, Y. (1997). Walking navigation system for the visually impaired using a guide stick. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 119, 69-80.

--> Asato, L., Wang, M., Chan, Y., Yeh, S., Chung, H., Chung, S., Chida, S., Uezato, T., Suzuki, I., Yamagata, N., Kokubu, T., & Yamamoto, S. (1996). Effect of egg white on serum cholesterol concentration in young women. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 42 (2), 87-96.

--> Baranowski, T., & de Moor, C. (2000). How many days was that? Intra-individual variability and physical activity assessment.  Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71 (2), 74-78.

--> Barchfeld, T., Schonhofer, B., Jones, P., & Kohler, D. (1999). Evaluation of daily activity in patients with COPD. Medizinische Klinik (foreign language), 94 (1), 93-95.

--> Bassett Jr., D., Ainsworth, B., Leggett, S., Mathien, C., Main, J., Hunter, D., & Duncan, G. (1996). Accuracy of five electronic pedometers for measuring distance walked. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1071-1077.

--> Bassett, D., Fr., Cureton, A., & Ainsworth, B. (2000b). Measurement of daily walking distance-questionnaire versus pedometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (5), 1018-1023.

--> Bassett, D., Jr. (2000). Validity and reliability issues in objective monitoring of physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71 (2), 30-36.

--> Bassett, D., Jr., Ainsworth, B., Swartz, A., Strath, S., O’Brien, W., & King, G. (2000a). Validity of four motion sensors in measuring moderate intensity physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, S471-S480.

--> Bassey, E., Bendall, M., & Pearson, M. (1988). Muscle strength in the triceps surae and objectively measured customary walking activity in men and women over 65 years of age. Clinical Science, 74 (1), 85-89.

--> Bassey, E., Dallosso, H., Fentem, P., Irving, J., & Patrick, J. (1987). Validation of a simple mechanical accelerometer (pedometer) for the estimation of walking acitivity. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 56 (3), 323-330.

--> Bassey., E., Patrick., J., Irving., J., Blecher., A., Fentem., P. (1983). An unsupervised "aerobics" physical training program in middle-aged factory workers: feasibility, validation and response. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 52 (1), 120-125.

--> Baveystock., C., Schonhofer, B., & Jones, P. (1999). Correlation between daily pedometer counts, exercise performance dyspnea and health status in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 159, A762W.

--> Belcher, G., Radomisli, T., Abate, J., Stabile, L., & Trafton, P. (1997). Functional outcome analysis of operatively treated malleolar fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 11 (2), 106-109.

--> Bermon, S., Hebuterne, X., Peroux, J., Marconnet, P., & Rampal, P. (1997). Correction of protein-energy malnutrition in older adults: effects of a short-term aerobic training program. Clinical Nutrition, 16 (6), 291-298.

--> Blair, S. (1984). How to assess exercise habits and physical fitness. In J. D. Matarazzo, S. M. Weiss, J. A. Herd & e. al. (Eds.) Behavioral Health: A Handbook of Health Enhancement and Disease Prevention, New York, NY: Wiley, 424-447.

--> Bouten, C., Verboeket-Van de Venne, W., Westerterp, K., Verduin, M., & Janssen, J. (1996). Daily physical activity assessment: comparison between movement registration and doubly labeled water. Journal of Applied Physiology, 81, 1019-1026.

--> Bouten, C., Westerterp, K., Verduin, M., & Janssen, J. (1994). Assessment of energy expenditure for physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 1516-1523.

--> Cauley, J., Laporte, R., Black Sandler, R., Schramm, M., & Kriska, A. (1987). Comparison of methods to measure physical activity in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, 14-22.

--> Cohen-Mansfield, J., Werner, P., Culpepper, W., Wolfson, M., Bickel, E. (1997). Assessment of ambulatory behavior in nursing home residents who pace or wander: a comparison of four commercially available devices. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 8 (6), 359-365.

--> Coleman, K., Smith, D., Boone, D., Joseph, A., & del Aguila, M. (1999). Step activity monitor: long-term, continuous recording of ambulatory function. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36, 8-18.

--> Cooke, C. (1996). Maximal oxygen uptake, economy and efficiency. In R. G. Eston & T. Reilly (Eds.) Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data, London: E&FN Spon, 197-220.

--> Cowley, A., Fullwood, L., Muller, A., Stainer, K., Skene, A., & Hampton, J. (1991b). Exercise capability in heart failure: is cardiac output important after all? Lancet, 337, 771.

--> Cowley, A., Fullwood, L., Stainer, K., & Hampton, J. (1991a). Exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure: how should it be measured? European Heart Journal, 12 (1), 50-54.

--> Davies, J., Malone, P., Harland, S., & Shearer, R. (1989). The pedometer – an objective assessment of quality of life. British Journal of Cancer, 60, 489.

--> Dunn, A., Kampert, B., Garcia, M., Kohl, H., & Blair, S. (1999). Comparison of lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Journal of the American Medical Association, 327-334.

--> Dunne, P., Sanders, M., Rowell, J., & McWhirter, W. (1991). An evaluation of cognitive-behavioural techniques in the management of chronic arthritic pain in men with haemophilia. Behaviour Change, 8 (2), 70-78.

--> Durnin, J. (1990). Assessment of physical activity during leisure and work. In C. Bouchard, R. J. Shepard, & T. Stephens (Eds.) Exercise, Fitness and Health: A Consensus of Current Knowledge, Champaign IL: Kinetics Books, 63-70.

--> Edelman, B., & Smits, G. (1984). The pedometer: a reassessment of its usefulness in the measurement of activity level. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 58, 151-158.

--> Eston, R., Rowlands, A., & Ingledew, D. (1998). Validity of heart rate, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy cost of children's activities. Journal of Applied Physiology, 84, 362-371.

--> Feller, J., Kay, P., Hodgkinson, J., & Wroblewski, B. (1994). Activity and socket wear in the Charnley low-friction arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty, 9 (4), 341-345.

--> Fogelholm, M., Hiilloskorpi, H., Laukkanen, R., Oja, P., Van Marken Lichtenbelt, W., & Westerterp, K. (1998). Assessment of energy expenditure in overweight women Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30 (8), 1191-1197.

--> Fogelholm, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., & Oja, P. (1999). Eating control and physical activity as determinants of short-term weight maintenance after a very-low-calorie diet among obese women. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 23 (2), 203-210.

--> Fogelholm, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Nenonen, a., & Pasanen, M. (2000). Effects of walking training on weight maintenance after a very low energy diet in pre-menopausal obese women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, 2177-2184.

--> Freedson, P. (1991). Electronic motion sensors and heart-rate as measures of physical activity in children. Journal of School Health, 61, 220-223.

--> Freedson, P. (1981). Field monitoring of physical activity in children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1, 8-18.

--> Freedson, P., & Miller, K. (2000). Objective monitoring of physical activity using motion sensors and heart rate. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71 (2), S21-S29.

--> Frey, J., Rochat, T., Pichard, C., Dousse, N., Janssens, J. & Tschopp, J. (1998). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing home oxygen therapy: a study of clinical parameters, nutritional status and ambulatory capacity. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires (foreign language), 15 (1), 69-78.

--> Fry, A., & Martin, M. (1996). Cognitive idiosyncrasies among children with the chronic fatigue syndrome: anomalies in self-reported activity levels. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41, 213-223.

--> Fujimori, K., Satoh, M., Suzuki, E., & Arakawa, M. (1993). Assessment of exercise performance by a pedometer in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Kokyu To Jukan (foreign language), 41 (4), 343-347.

--> Gardner, A., & Poehlman, E. (1998). Assessment of free-living daily physical activity in older claudicants: validation against the doubly labeled water technique. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 53 (4), M275-276.

--> Gardner, A., Montgomery, P., Womack, C., & Killewich, L. (1999). Smoking history is related to free-living daily physical activity in claudicants. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31 (7), 980-986.

--> Gardner, A., Sieminski, D., & Killewich, L. (1997). The effect of cigarette smoking on free-living daily physical activity in older claudication patients. The Journal of Vascular Diseases, 48 (11), 947-955.

--> Gayle, E., Montoye, H., & Philpot, J. (1977). Accuracy of pedometers for measuring distance walked. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 48 (3), 632-636.

--> Goetsch, V., Abel, J., & Pope, M. (1994). The effects of stress, mood, and coping on blood glucose in NIDDM: a prospective pilot evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32 (5), 503-510.

--> Goldfield, G., Kalakanis, L., Ernst, L., & Epstein, L. (2000). Open-loop feedback to increase physical activity in obese children. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 24, 888-892.

--> Goldsmith, A., Dowson, D., Wrobleski, B., Siney, P., Fleming, P., & Lane, J. (2001). The effect of activity levels of total hip arthroplasty patients on socket penetration. J. Arthroplasty, 16 (5), 620-627.

--> Goldsmith, A., Dowson, D., Wroblewski, B., Siney, P., Fleming, P., Lane, J., Stone, M., & Walker, R. (2001). Comparative study of the activity of total hip arthroplasty patients and normal subjects. J. Arthroplasty, 16 (5), 613-619.

--> Graser, Susan V., Pangrazi, Robert P. & Vincent, William J. (2009). Step It Up: Activity Intensity Using Pedometers. Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance, 80 (1), 22-24.

--> Gretebeck, R., & Montoye, H. (1992). Variability of some objective measures of physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24, 1167-1172.

--> Groves, D. (1988). Beyond the pedometer: new tools for monitoring activity. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 16 (6), 160-164.

--> Hachisuka, K., Tsutsui, Y., Furusawa, K., & Ogata, J. (1998). Gender differences in disability and lifestyle among community-dwelling elderly stroke patients in Kitakyushu, Japan. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79, 998-1002.

--> Hagiware, A., Hayashi, Y., Nakamura, Y., & Muraoka, I. (2000). Effects of group versus home-based walking intervention on lifestyle activity. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 49, 571-579.

--> Haskell, W., Leon, A., Casperson, C., Froelicher, V., Hagberg, J., Harlan, W., Holloszy, J., Regensteiner, J., Thompson, P., Washburn, R., & Wilson, P. (1992). Cardiovascular benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24 (6 Suppl), 201S-220S.

--> Hatano, Y. (1993). Use of the pedometer for promoting daily walking exercise. Journal of the International Committee on Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 4-8.

--> Heiser, J., Epstein, L., & Wing, R. (1981). Mechanical reliability of pedometers. The Behavior Therapist, 4, 21-22.

--> Hendelman, D., Miller, K., Baggett, C., Debold, E., & Freedson, P. (2000). Validity of accelerometry for the assessment of moderate intensity physical activity in the field. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (9 Suppl), S442-S449.

--> Henderson, K., Ainsworth, B., Stolarzcyk, L., Hootman, J., & Levin, S. (1999). Notes on linking qualitative and quantitative data: the cross cultural physical activity participation study. Leisure Sciences, 21, 247-255.

--> Hoshikawa, T., Matsui, H., Izuhara, K., & Sano, S. (1987). A study on amount of daily physical activity of elementary school children determined by a pedometer. Taiiku no Kagaku [Journal of Health, Physical Education & Recreation] (foreign language), 15, 56-66.

--> Ichihara, Y., Hattori, R., Anno, T., Okuma, K., Yokoi, M., Mizuno, Y., Iwatsuka, T., Ohta, T., & Kawamura, T. (1996). Oxygen uptake and its relation to physical activity and other coronary risk factors in asymptomatic middle-aged Japanese. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 16 (6), 378-385.

--> Ino-Oka, E., Sagawa, K., Takashahi, T., Inooka, H., Kutsuwa, Y., & Umeda, S. (2000). Efficacy on anti-anginal drugs in the treatment of angia pectoris associated with silent myocardial ischemia: importance of quantitative holter ECG data for patient activity. Internal Medicine, 39, 1027-1037.

--> Ino-Oka, E., Takahashi, T., Sagawa, K., & Inooka, H. (1996). Diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia using ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring with pedometer, analysis of heart rate, and ST loop in ambulatory electrocardiogram. Clinical Cardiology, 19 (6), 467-472.

--> Ino-Oka, E., Umeda, S., Kutsuwa, Y., Takahashi, T., Sagawa, K., & Inooka, H. (1998). The effects of an angiotensin-converting inhibitor (enalapril) on patients with mild cardiac failure — evaluating cardiac function based on the relationship between daily walking pace and heart rate. Clinical Cardiology, 21 (12), 893-898.

--> Inoue, Y. (1996). Longitudinal effects of age on heat-activated sweat gland density and output in healthy active older men. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 74 (1-2), 72-77.

--> Inoue, Y., Nakao, M., Okudaira, S., Ueda, H., & Araki, T. (1995). Seasonal variation in sweating responses of older and younger men. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 70, 6-12.

--> Irie, M., Nagata, S., Ikeda, M., & Miyata, M. (1998). Effect of walking during all weekdays, holidays, and at work on mental and physical health in workers. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi (foreign language), 40 (1), 7-14.

--> Irimagawa, S., &Imamiya, S. (1993). Industrial hygienic study on nursing activities comparison of energy expenditure between pedometer and holter eletrocardiograph. Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine, 65, 99-105.

--> Irving, J., & Patrick, J. (1982). The use of mechanical pedometers in the measurement of physical activity. In F. D. Scott (Ed.) Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Ambulatory Monitoring, New York: Academic Press, 369-376.

--> Iwane, M., Arita, M., Tomimoto, S., Satani, O., Matsumoto, M., Miyashita, K., & Nishio, I. (2000). Walking 10,000 steps a day or more reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in mild essential hypertension. Hypertension Research, 23, 573-580.

--> Johnson, M., Woodcock, A., & Geddes, D. (1983). Dihydrocodeine for breathlessness in "pink puffers". British Medical Journal, 286 (6366), 675-677.

--> Kashiwazaki, H., Inaoka, T., Suzuki, T., & Kondo, Y. (1986). Correlations of pedometer readings with energy expenditure in workers during free-living daily activities. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 54 (6), 585-590.

--> Kemper, H., Saris, W., & Washburn, R. (1996). Measuring Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure, Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.

--> Kemper, H., Verschuur, R. (1977). Validity and reliability of pedometers in habitual activity research. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 37, 71-82.

--> Kilanowski, C., Consalvi, A., & Epstein, L. (1999). Validation of an electronic pedometer for measurement of physical activity in children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 11, 63-68.

--> King, D., Cooper, S., & Liddle, J. (1983). The effect of propranolol on CSF amine metabolites in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 15 (3), 331-337.

--> Koshi, K., Matsuo, S., & Tadokoro, Y. (2000). Pedestrian tracking system using digital portable telephones. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 83 (7), 12-21.

--> Koshi, K., Matsuo, S., & Tadokoro, Y. (2000). Pedestrian tracking system using digital portable telephones. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 83 (7), 12-21.

--> Kozlov, I., & Zborovskii, E. (1983). Evaluation of normal motor activity by a pedometer in primary prophylaxis of ischemic heart disease. Kardiologiia (foreign language), 23 (6), 114-115.

--> Kriska, A. (2000). Ethnic and cultural issues in assessing physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71 (2 Suppl), S47-S53.

--> Laporte, R., Montoye, H., & Caspersen, C. (1995). Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: problems and prospects. Public Health Reports, 100, 131-146.

--> Lee, C. (1993). The definition and assessment of physical activity in cardiovascular risk reduction research. Australian Journal of Public Health, 17, 190-194.

--> Lee, C., Lawler, G., Panemangalore, M., Street, D. (1987). Nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly females in Kentucky in two seasons: part 1. Body weight and related factors. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 6 (3), 209-215.

--> Leenders, N., Michael-Sherman, W., & Nagarja, H. (2000). Comparisons of four methods of estimating physical activity in adult women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (7), 1320-1326.

--> Leermakers, E., Dunn, A., & Blair, S. (2000). Exercise management of obestity. Obesity, 84, 419-440.

--> Lindberg, R. (2000). Active living: on the road with the 10,000 Steps program. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 100, 878-879.

--> Maeda, K., Kawamura, T., Iwatsuka, T., Ohta, T., & Hashimoto, S. (1992). Effect of daily energy intake and amount of walking on body weight reduction and its maintenance. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi [Japanese Journal of Public Health] (foreign language), 39 (6), 319-325.

--> Maehashi, A., & Taketa, K. (1996). Scores of fatigue complaints in high school students in physical education classes. Acta Medica Okayama, 50 (3), 165-172.

--> McCaughtry, N., Oliver, K.L., Dillon, S.R., & Martin, J.J. (2008). Teachers' perspectives on the use of pedometers as instructional technology in physical education: A cautionary tale. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 27, 83-99.

--> McClung, C., Zahiri, C., Higa, J., Amstutz, H., & Schmalzried, T. (2000). Relationship between body mass index and activity in hip or knee arthroplasty patients. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 18, 35-39.

--> McCurdy, T., Glen, G., Smith, L., & Lakkadi, Y. (2000). The National Exposure Research Laboratory’s consolidated human activity database. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 10 (6), 566-578.

--> Meijer, G., Westerterp, K., Verhoeven, F., Koper, H., & Hoor, F. (1991). Methods to assess physical activity with special reference to motion sensors and accelerometers. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers Transactions on Biomedical Engineering., 38 (3), 221-229.

--> Melanson, E., & Freedson, P. (1996 (May)). Physical activity assessment: a review of methods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 36 (5), 385-396.

--> Meshkinpour, H., Selod, S., Movahedi, H., Nami, N., James, N., & Wilson, A. (1998). Effects of regular exercise in management of chronic idiopathic constipation. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 43 (11), 2379-2383.

--> Meyer, R., Goggin, N., & Jackson, A. (1995). A comparison of grip strength and selected psychomotor performance measures in health and frail elderly females. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66 (1), 1-8.

--> Minnick, A., Pischke-Winn, K., & Sterk, M. (1994). Introducing a two-way wireless communication system. Nursing Management, 25 (7), 42-47.

--> Mizuno, C., Yoshida, T., & Udo, M. (1990). Estimation of energy expenditure during walking and jogging by using an electro-pedometer. Annals of Physiological Anthropology (foreign language), 9 (3), 283-289.

--> Montoye, H. (2000). Introduction: evaluation of some measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (9), S439-S441.

--> Montoye, H. (1988). Utilisation des compteurs de mouvements pour la mesure de l’activite physique. Science & Sports (foreign language), 3, 223-236.

--> Montoye, H., & Taylor, H. (1984). Measurement of physical activity in population studies: a review. Human Biology, 56 (2), 195-216.

--> Moreau, K., de Garmo, T., Langley, J., McMahou, C., Getrich, J., & Howley, E. (2000). The effectiveness of the ACSM-CDC physical activity recommendation in lowering blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 51-72.

--> Moreau, K., Degarmo, R., Langley, J., McMahon, C., Howley, E., Bassett, D. Jr., Thompson, D. (2001). Increasing daily walking lowers blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 11, 1825-1831.

--> Morgan, C.F., Graser, S.V., & Pangrazi, R.P. (2008). A Prospective Study of Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Physical Self-Perceptions in Children Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79, 133-140.

--> Narring, F., Cauderay, M., Cavadini, C., & Michaud, P. (1999). Physical fitness and sport activity of children and adolescents: methodological aspects of a regional survey. Sozial-und Praventivmedizin, 44 (2), 44-54.

--> Ng., J. (1999). The use of pedometer in assessing physical activity of school children. Hong Kong Journal of Sports Medicine and Sports Science, 816-554-3337, 37-43.

--> Nichols, J., Patterson, P., & Early, T. (1992). A validation of a physical activity monitor for young and older adults. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 17, 299-303.

--> Nishikido, N., Kashiwazaki, H., & Suzuki, T. (1982). Preschool children’s daily activities: direct observation, pedometry or questionaire. Journal of Human Ergology, 11 (2), 214-218.

--> Ogita, S., Matsuo, S., Oka, T., Kawabata, R., Matsumoto, M., Fujino, Y., Uramae, Y., Iwanaga, K., & Fukuoka, M. (1989). Significance of exercise and bed rest in pregnancy – pregnancy and walking. Annals of Physiological Anthropology (foreign language), 8 (1), 13-19.

--> Ohta, T., Kawamura, T., Hatano, K., Yokoi, M., Uozumi, Z., Okamoto, N., & Hashimoto, S. (1990). Effects of exercise on coronary risk factors in obese, middle-aged subjects. Japanese Circulation Journal, 54, 1459-1464.

--> Olivier, L., Neudeck, F., Assenmacher, S., & Schmit-Neuerburg, K. (1997). Patient compliance with the load-relieving orthosis of Allgower/Wenzl. Results of integrating a hidden step-counter. Unfallchirurgie (foreign language), 23 (5), 200-204.

--> Partsch, H., & Blattler, W. (2000). Compression and walking versus bed rest in the treatment of proximal deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 32 (5), 861-869.

--> Patrick, J., Wharrad, H., Wilson, C., & Birmingham, A. (1985). The effect of a week’s beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on daytime heart-rates, subjective responses to exercise, and physical activity in normal subjects. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 19 (2), 177-185.

--> Puente-Maestu, L., Sanz, M., Sanz, P., Cubillo, J., Mayol, J., & Casaburi, R. (2000). Comparison of effects of supervised versus self-monitored training programs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal, 15 (3), 517-525.

--> Puhl, J., Greaves, K., Hoyt, M., & Baranowski, T. (1990). Children’s activity rating scale (CARS): description and calibration. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 61, 26-36.

--> Redmond, D., & Gegge, F. (1985). Observations on the design and specification of a wrist worn human activity monitoring system. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 17, 659-669.

--> Rowlands, A. V., & Eston, R. G. (2005). Comparison of accelerometer and pedometer measures of physical activity in boys and girls, ages 8-10 years Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76(3), 251-257. More information about this article

--> Rowlands, A., Eston, R., & Ingledew, D. (1997). Measurement of physical activity in children with particular reference to the use of heart rate pedometry. Sports Medicine, 258-272.

--> Rowlands, A., Eston, R., & Ingledew, D. (1999). Relationship between activity levels, aerobic fitness, and body fat in 8- to 10-year old children. Journal of Applied Physiology, 86 (4), 1428-1435.

--> Rowlands, A., Ingledew, D., & Eston, R. (2000). The effect of type of physical activity measure on the relationship between body fatness and habitual physical activity in children: a meta-analysis. Annals of Human Biology, 27 (5), 479-497.

--> Rozkovec, A., Papouchado, M., James, M., Kendrick, A., Clarke, L., & Rees, J. (1989). The relationship of symptoms to performance in paced patients with breathlessness. European Heart Journal, 10 (1), 63-69.

--> Saris, W., & Binkhorst, R. (1977a). The use of pedometer and actometer in studying daily physical activity in man. Part 1: reliability of pedometer and actometer. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 37, 219-228.

--> Saris, W., & Binkhorst, R. (1977b). The use of pedometer and actometer in studying physical activity in man. Part 2: validity of pedometer and actometer measuring the daily physical activity. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 37, 229-235.

--> Satoh, T., Sakurai, I., Miyagi, K., & Hohshaku, Y. (1995). Walking exercise and improved neuropsychological functioning in elderly patients with cardiac disease. Journal of Internal Medicine, 238, 423-428.

--> Schmalzried, T., Shepherd, E., Dorey, F., Jackson, W., del Rosa, M., Fa’vae, F., McKellop, H., McClung, C., Martell, J., Moreland, J., & Amstutz, H. (2000). Wear is a function of use, not time. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 381, 36-46.

--> Schmalzried, T., Szuszczewicz, E., Akizuki, K., Petersen, T., & Amstutz, H. (1996). Factors correlating with long term survival of McKee-Farrar total hip prostheses. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 329 Suppl, S48-S59.

--> Schmalzried, T., Szuszczewicz, E., Northfield, M., Akizuki, K., Frankel, R., Belcher, G., & Amstutz, H. (1998). Quantitative assessment of walking activity after total hip or knee replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery., American Volume, 80 (1), 54-59.

--> Schnirring, L. (2001). Can exercise gadgets motivate patients? The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 29 (1), 15-18.

--> Schonhofer, B., Ardes, P., Geibel, M., Kohler, D., & Jones, P. (1997a). Evaluation of a movement detector to measure daily activity in patients with chronic lung disease. European Respiratory Journal, 10, 2814-2819.

--> Schonhofer, B., Geibel, M., Jones, P., & Kohler, D. (1997b). Increased physical activity due to intermittent self-ventilation in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Medizinische Klinik, 92 Suppl, 26-30.

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